DC - Direct Current (= fast charging): To charge a car with direct current (DC), a transformer station is required to convert alternating current (AC) from the power grid into direct current. This is a costly process that demands a significant power draw from the network (approximately 125A). When charging with direct current, the onboard charger in the car is not used. Since a battery is always direct current (DC), the electricity is connected directly to the battery. This charging process must be performed carefully because if a battery cell gets too hot, there is a risk of irreversible damage.
AC - Alternating Current (= slow charging): In Europe, we use alternating current (AC) for user connections, and we have access to a 3-phase network. This is suitable for charging electric vehicles. In most locations, we can draw 32A (22kW) from it, and sometimes even 63A (43kW) for charging. If your car's charger supports it, a 20kW battery (average car) can be charged to 80% in about 25 minutes. Due to the high costs of acquisition, installation, and operation, the preference is for AC (alternating current) charging. This will continue to be the most common way of charging in the future. DC (direct current) charging will only be efficient during long-distance travel without (extended) stops.
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